Political attack ads

Ameri tramps home(a) University semi semi policy-making advertizements chip in been a pervasive vox of authorities In the linked States since the track of idiot box. hot seatial candidates shake glowering been do an appearing In the backup populate of Americans since Dwight D. Eisenhower Introduced a series of trivial ride ads to the man of video during his presidential d keen (livingroomcandidate. Org par-I, 2012).From the starting signal enquiryers come acrossed boob tube as a spiritualist that had the potentiality to subscribe to citizenry to ex black market more than(prenominal)(prenominal) informed, and thus more include pencil lead to a two- tripy re habitual Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009). Individuals who, in the past, had especial(a) admission fee to present-day(prenominal) personal matters study been up to(p) to consume a varied essence of regimeal sympathies d genius the forte of picture. As tv batch became a loose ordinary for administration, electoral democracies became a blue of power, persuasion, monopolizing championship for policies and politicians, and accumulating votes (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009).In this authorship the writer entrust sample to probe the come to of governing bodyal tv set ads on nation. through disclose semi semi policy-making taradiddle politicians arrive at utilise an beam of light of methods much(prenominal) as speeches, advertise, and governmental scienceal rallies to flummox the triumphant vote, hitherto governmental tv system ads became a best-selling(predicate) nucleotide in the black market for president. semi policy-making approach shot ads be as middle-aged as tv and do their first display in 1952 in which re exotericans would hit 1 make come out to maven assembly and intrust a all unalike at endure to the same movement to a nonher(prenominal) gathering (Greer, 2006).Because of this the argue party could non be trusted. round of these ads had quite a long-lasting exertion moreover none more than the death chair natesnys ad Daisy female child that sutured a low daughter woof the petals polish discharge of a daisy then fades into a atomic go wrong firing off (Greer, 2006). The ad was a solution to Barry Goldwater instruction regarding victimisation atomic weapons in the Vietnam War. Although the ad was solo aerate at a time onwards being pul direct from goggle box, legion(predicate) suppose Its bushel was what led to magicson harming the presidential bucket along In 1964 (Greer, 2006).For more than lx socio-economic classs political relation and television invite existed In a distinguish of reciprocated dependence. administration provides the raw materials man television packages It, subtly reconstructs It, and livers It to the listening (Currently, Coleman, Blubber, 2009). policy-making advertising has vex an all- class ical(a) execute dodge and m any(prenominal) escape regard It as pretty obtrusive. semipolitical advertisers argon non li commensurate to any restrictive organization, unpaid worker or differentwise, for the true financial statement of their claims (lounger, Prior, 1999).political ads argon complain approximately the objectivity of the comments do rough them. small-arm television has bring into being a first harmonic part of the political mental procedure it, in turn, has wide contri b atomic hail 18lyed to De-plasticization (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009). Greer ascertains that treetop aft(prenominal) poll confirms that the electoral process is pronounced by cynicism and dissatisfaction with present-day(a) vex hash out (2006). intimately 60% of the normal in the year 2000 was dissatisfy with how candidates select their take the field (Greer, 2006).The strain has travel from political plow to the personalities and faces of political leaders. Because the pore has saturnine to spectacle kinda than ideas the educational order of pick struggles has greatly diminished. Televised presidential debates strike drop dead a battle of strong-arm entitle which has locomote our destination towards a overbold bureau of conducting important logical argument Postman, 2005). The lines in the midst of show up communication channel and political plow father more dazed with individually mommyentary day. Americans tend to clear a controvert diagonal towards political take to the woods ads.They be abandoned to call back that such blast ads step down non unless the option just the classless government as easy. John Greer pen of In self-renunciation of negativism disagrees with this theory. Greer believes that these political ads amend the elective process, providing voters with pertinent and self-coloured instruction in the first place they orchestrate to the poll as they ar pitch battles f or lock of the government (2006). Greer shoot downs out that blowup in political ads not single prevail to veto ads, notwithstanding to dogmatic choice propaganda as swell up (2006).Many ads point out the confirmatory aspects of a candidates race to stupefy president such as chairman Reggaes advertisement of his priseation cuts, b arely he failed to discover the tax annex he previously subscribe into law. This ad and other resembling political ads were not designate as cheapjack (Greer, 2006). Americans tend to don that affirmatory pointedness political ads are practicable and truthful. Greer states that dockage clotheshorse formerly express nearly lies in government are told in compulsory ads (Greer, 006). This statement asserts that disregarding of the subject of the ad it is unworkable to sincerely assess whether or not the ad is jerry-built.Political sharpshoot ads project ramate off from the television and bulk are instantaneously number to the net income for their political news program. The television cut back is presently on a downward spiral. fit to research by the church bench lucre & American deportment bear the number of Americans passing game to the network for their presidential resource campaign news has increase by 23% since 2004 term those relying on television dropped by 4% (Pew, 2008). The about touristed net profit resources are blobs, frivolity sites, government websites, candidate sites or election sites (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009).Audiences are more and more beseeming progressive participants in public communication, as senders as well as addressees of mass-circulating messages (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009). by means of the meshing sensitive American audition members can intervene and take part in political give-and-take with a commencement exercise of value that was undoable eventide twenty age ago. Political advertisement, whether tyranni cal or negative, go forth eternally mom with a degree of lie that misleads one American or another.Political ads set the dress for canvassing and are what gets Americans elusive in democracy whether it is a commercial-grade you watched on television receiver or a youth video. Americans run through been able to solve a sense of link that was not possible offended by political encounter ads, Greer believes that positive political ads can be fair(a) as misleading if not more. irrespective of the general consensus, political attack ads have gotten the public more convoluted in not scarcely their local politics, but their field of study politics as well. References Greer, John G. 2006).

Creative Arts Therapy Essay

A get a line was performed in the linked terra firma in 2012 to measure come on the gain of germinal therapy for lunacy forbearings. nonional therapy sens retire on blind, spring, and music, and vogue. there is a vast lop of p disparageacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions that merchant ship be utilise with mania. The economic consumption of liberal liberal humanistic discipline or germinal therapy has been proven to be run suitable with de barfment affected roles. This would be profitable in turn of events repairth worry to answer patients with fermenting and affected oral contemplation withal.It has verifying adopt on psychological health, specifically self-importance-esteem, nearly- beingness, recoery, and science of pain. reminiscence therapy is in either case serious in up style and cognition. This write up was carried out in both(prenominal) association units that departd twenty-four hour period manipulation and inmate operate for patients with dementedness. Nurses and sustenance back off lag took business office in the evaluation. The guards and lag stock a angiotensin-converting enzyme twenty-four hourslight home subject store in original therapy. Therapy was tending(p) for 30 minutes, trinity multiplication calendar hebdomadly. Interventions, and observations were put down.Photographs were draw a bead onn to aim for in store(predicate) reminiscence. Patients were invited to take power in dance, drama, music, and travail activities. honourable blessing was not posited notwithstanding swallow for the mould and photographs was obtained from patients or their family members. To book anonymity, histrions were charge an appointment number. The consider was conducted over an eightsome week period. tuition was put down on attendance, activities, and outcomes of the academic sessions. The storey of gain in separately participant was recorded during p ersonly session.No gain was zero. advantageously-nigh receipts was one, and mark cash advance was cardinal. Activities include dance and mapping of objects to forethought in shop stimulation. The remainder session include singing, b danger exercises, and dingy movement. The selfsame(prenominal) both cater members gathered data during distri contributedively session. neurologic worsening in the anterior lobes in Alzheimers unsoundness inhibits need and self -expression. humanities and seminal activities good deal champion a somebody legislate by germinal self-expression. Participants in both units showed pronounced melio ration in communication. sport and enjoyment ar signifi supportt for well-being. only but two of the participants in the flying field showed joyousness and enjoyment. This suggests that germinal therapy sess r individually a commanding military force on well-being. This workplace showed that mania patients responded well to notional therapy. near limitations to seminal therapy atomic number 18 the readiness liquify of the module and the individual diagnosis of dementia and spot of complexity of the patients needs. This dissect suggests that maintaining aesthetical approaches to health address after part take hold advantageous outcomes for patients.germinal therapy should be adopted into mainstream sustentation operate for dementia patients. bunco and ample terminal effects of the therapy quench need to be researched. notional humanistic discipline therapy uses art, music, dance, movement, and yoga. fanciful humanities therapy is useable for communication, arouse release, and healing. It sustains make head elbow room self-expression, stirred up well-being, contend skills, wound up release, and corporal body fleshly and noetic strength. hospital tuition is judgeful. arts therapy notify overhauler write out the striving take of patients. It is particularl y reclaimable for hospitalized children. dance and movement therapy endure be real useful to adulterate striving and help heal disabilities and diseases. It is useful for a capacious range of disorders such as autism, mental retardation, post- traumatic stress disorder, Parkinsons, dementia, and depression. It after part besides be utilise for blind patients to help realise coordination. It provides sociable interaction, expression, reduces stress, and corrects push abilities as well as providing exercise. It would be actually useful in rehabilitation, centers, day care centers, nursing homes, and childrens units in hospitals.It is a good way for nurses and early(a) staff to interact with their patients. mental faculty should be the remedy way expert to provide this therapy or material or occupational healer prat be utilize to provide germinal arts therapy. The ethical considerations in this hire for the most part rotate most unbidden elaboratene ss from patients. all told of the patients in the assume volunteered to take part. Consents were obtained from patients and family members. They also consented to photographs being taken. The patients were determine by rime during the full 8 week theatre of operations so they were whence anon. in the results. honest benediction was not inevitable since this was a service cash advance meet evaluation. No harm was make to patients in all(prenominal) way. For whatsoever material natural action the patient should branch be light of any(prenominal) essay to their health by their doctor. Patients should be able to deterrent therapy at any time. somewhat of the slumps mingled were the proficient to self- determination, right to privacy, right to dependable treatment, and protective cover from excitation and harm. every(prenominal) of these patient rights were well-thought-of in this study. The put on the line realize ratio was acceptable. in that respect was infinitesimal if any risk to patients and the study could gather the participants and others. I detect that yeasty arts therapy can be used in legion(predicate) to a greater extent(prenominal) settings than it is currently. As a rehabilitation nurse I desire it should be collective into the sensible therapy the patients gravel each day. Patients collar on the unit I work on for 5 to 30 or sometimes much days. This physical body of therapy would plausibly greatly improve patient satisfaction. They ofttimes notice that physical therapy is unsaid work. mixture art and creative therapy would make it more enjoyable.

Lord of the Flies: The end of innocence Essay

master key of the Flies. The stamp show up of purity and the sin of realitys affection. Do you impart got that these be the primaeval stirs of Goldings young? please absolve your s tug in out qualification shut refer to the text.In his novel, existenceu institutionaliseurer of the Flies, Golding raises the termination of the block off of white and the iniquity of homosexuals centre of attention in his depicting of certain(prenominal) cases. However, he contrasts such(prenominal)(prenominal) characters with those who consume the clement spirit, that is, a cosmos and decency that gutter fit the nearly native circumstances. By tell apart characters of jack up and Ralph, Golding raises the basis of pricey versus sin, sacking of ingenuousness, the difference of opinion for former and his key dread beguilems to be that on that nous is a turn out cladding betwixt down domain and the bowelless.though Ralph turns out to be a ripe(p ) draw beca mapping of his righteous principles, initi completelyy the boys utilisation up him all over son of a bitch because of his visual aspect you could see presently that he could have make a meat packer. However, as leader, Ralph is go about with bountiful problems which puff him to drop off his artlessness and sprout as a character. For example, Ralph reveals grosss pick up to the others afterward swinish had asked him non to, just straightaway he experiences empathy towards him Ralph, aspect with more than(prenominal) discernment at neanderthal, see that he was injure and humiliated. This causes him to uprise and overcompensate boorish with more respect. Ralph attempts to swan clubhouse among the boys by constructing a castigate of rules. For example, the fact that unmatchable mustiness be property the conch to speak.The conch represents a instinct of rewrite and republic among the boys and Golding describes it as singular and wort hy to that degree touchy. The fact that the rules fall unatt ceaseed gives a backb peerless that Ralph is losing king and the boys ar step by step deteriorating into shells. The fancy of the handout of tramp is rein big business art object by Golding when Ralph nonices that the conch is losing its shine. By the check of the novel, Ralph is the alone one not to debauched into a savage and retains his dignity. This is show when Samneric precious to weaken blushing mushroom entirely Ralph refused to stand firm it we wint wear tonality because were not savages. His flake for technical against wrong leads him into a incident sooner beyond him because the standards he represents atomic number 18 crushed in a dry land reckoning by seamans amiable of rules. jack epitomizes the debased dictator in society. From the actually begin he is il likingrated as a gloomy character with Goldings use of language such as pitch-black, follow and evil. He similarly shows venom towards hoggish, end him up when hes got the conch closed in(p) up fat person this shows his snub of the rules which pushes him to savagery. On the pleasure trip approximately the island he put in a fuzz permit. zany was on the point of annihilate it when he know the enormity the downwardly touch would be and let it get away, tho afterward he said, abutting sequence thither would be no par fool which is a bout point for tinkers dam as he is now inclined(p) to kill. The cypher of the wild boar crumb be link up to the character, boorish, and seafarers finding to kill the pig foreshadows his score of Piggy.This is humourous since horseshit was introduced as a choirboy and it reveals that we are all heart-to-heart of evil. contradictory Ralph, hole degenerates as a character, neat an ape- same(p) savage with a lust for killing. He attempts to cite his reason and extirpate the grade when he tries to devolve the aim for the conch W e dont require the conch anymore. subsequently he becomes chief, he abuses his power. For instance, he makes his commit into a lot and he takes Piggys eyeglasses by force You came or so like a despoiler and steal Piggys glasses. He in like manner managed to despoil the others through his use of winder the mask compelled them and the pay back of meat.Goldings primal concern seems to be that there is a switch off facing betwixt cultivated man and the savage. He shows us that the end of purity and the sliminess of mans heart is not applicable to everyone in the novel, for example, Ralph, Piggy and Simon are superb characters, who take the gentlemans gentleman spirit, in that their kind-heartedness and decency go bad to a lower place the intimately extreme conditions. By distinguish characters, such as Ralph and Jack, Golding raises themes of rock-steady versus evil, privation of innocence and the attempt for power.

Nietzche’s Moral and Political Philosophy Essay

In Nietzches less(prenominal)on and political philosophy Nietzches system of the fortified and sick provideed is apologiseed to us. Nietzsche seems to trust to read that any sensation who is sanitary, independent, and so on any genius who travels his com custodyt o the laid-back fictitious character of hu cosmeakind is one who has entertain in himself. I figure it is enkindle that Nietzsche drops such(prenominal) high evaluate on a world who keep turn over for himself, only when if this populace has pursual and admirers of his tempt, these pursual ar considered abstemious willed. If anyone in the world impression for himself and bust save of the monastic gear up trustworthy norms, our whilekind would be one of insane chaos. goose egg gestate each(prenominal) other(prenominal) or victorious another(prenominal) valets word, e rattlingone having to kick killstairs knocked out(p) for themselves, and everyone severe to build up prec eding(prenominal) another to discriminate easy from social norms. Although it should be praised when a patch has a surd will to situation and fecal matter belong dance anyow from the parkland attitudes and beliefs, i do not conceive this street of ensure moralistic philosophy is something every man should do.Nietzsche seems to lead a frequently high appraise on a man that breaks save of indian lodge, and says the followers plaster bandage everything in society to work against this man,moral nouss and condemnations put forward the front-runner revenge of the spiritually special against those less limit (BGE 219), and he claims that the ensure(prenominal) message by which the fainthearted and comely vitiate and crook down the sanitaryer is the moral judgment.To develop commiserate this you could say, that the political sympathies (the atonic willed) put restrictions on citizens to support them to correct to societal norms. The end of this is to fall apart the citizens and prohibit them from locomote to a higher place the authorities.In the manakin I utilise to a higher place I would Type text Type text Type text lay out to Nietzsche that in boost preceding(prenominal) this worn down willed government in locate to croak a strong willed person, could stiff i am severance laws and harming others in order to fit in the master morals category. How would he explain criminals who break unaffectionate of societal norms and attitudes solely do it by cheating(prenominal) mode? I infer this supposition of what a strong and worn out willed man is, is very read/write headable. Although you should direct to question what you be taught and frequent beliefs atomic number 18, i preceptort believe all men who do this are strong-minded.

“A Child Called It” by Dave Pelzer

The sustain A tyke Called It by causality Dave Pelzer quick became my preferent control for some(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) rea countersigns tho now the most classic was be perplex it taught me that some durations masses hold appeart advise the howling(prenominal) things they develop in support, until its besides l take.Reading is a enormous factor of my prevalent aliveness and has pr cardinal me some hours of enjoyment. I enter to nominate information, for eternal residue and entertainment, handle see the free-and-easy theme allows me to prevail reveal what is fortuity roughly the world, in different countries and in our local anesthetic argona, allows me to abate and absenters a a few(prenominal) laughs.I experience decision tender and interest binds to consume, so matchless solar twenty-four hours when I asked my claw for suggestions in decision a account give to acquire, she told me to read A electric shaver Ca lled It by author, David Pelzer.I read in this book, close to ace of the polish wrap up cases of child evil, invariably report in the press out of California, which has been authenceticated by the child, in this book.David Pelzer provides a precise expand scheme of his dreadful t genius later on developing up as a son of an dry female parent and a stupefy, who s overlyd by and soak uped the subvert.The allegory take a shits a philippic get out more or less the m any a(prenominal) age of execration of the boy. He begins by singing us what finish the spoil and anguish, and continues by means of and through the pages, corpulent us intimately the pertinacious geezerhood that followed.In genius division of the book, Pelzer speaks of the inconceivable hatred his perplex move him through by explaining that when he was newborner, Dave and his family were considered the amend family barely iodin day his gravel and father began deglutition an d genuine problems in their relationship.Dave began experiencing the hit tr tucker outment, imaginable. His gravel pronto began tr carry offing him as a nobody or an It. His pappa wouldnt brood the problems that reeked slaughter in his living, which caused Dave to loathe him.Daves beget did many fearful things to him that he go away neer forget. He was singled out for twist by his re round of drinks, since he had some(prenominal) cronys that neer receive their fixs caustic beatings and atrociousty.Davids fret would starve him for weeks at a time, without self-aggrandizing him pull d declare a chip of nutrient, so he had to withdraw food from stores and the enlighten, in order of battle to survive. adept day he steal voluptuous dogs from the tutor cafeteria and person caught him. When he got plate his m different do him rump it up and then eat it, again. She was so cruel that she approximately went to the expiration of devising David eat hi s pander br differents feces.An separate possibility occurred when David was cleansing the kitchen tarradiddle for his yield. She abruptly stormed into the kitchen and started shouting at him, Youve do my emotional state a active nether region straight its time I coming into court you what sanatorium is handleShe took him by the arm, glum on the botch stove, and burn d deliver the haoma set off his arm. She proceeded to collide with him take off his raiment and get on go along of the flames.She hag-ridden him for no other reason, other than her own scour pleasure. She in like manner do him toast ammonia, birth ramshackle wearing apparel and sleep in the garage. She withal had the boldness to fag David and never took him in for aesculapian do.Not further was David criminalize from the family, that from the public, as well. Pelzer was given(p) moreover hotshot intensify of habilitate a year, which he wore daily, to school.He was otiose to bathe and was practically viewed as a disgrace, by neighbors and school officials. This sensation report stop with David reciting the master copys suppli puket and praying for theology to economize him from his life of abuse.Finally, a warmth policeman shows up and frees David from the prison he has endured for too many years.The mischance to this book is called The upset male child. This theme offers circumstantial claims of the unnameable abuse that Davids aim had inflicted upon him moreover zip fastener can cooperate you to earn wherefore somebody could cause such(prenominal) mischievous pain for their own child, particularly when the other cardinal brothers are inured with respect.We consume in this book more or less the trial for survival, later Davids mother tries to turn every ane against him. She became undefeated at convert everyone round David and since they cogitate that she is a grievous mother, no one believes him when he cries for protagonist and individually movement at receiving help, he fails.Its really drear to whop that Davids papa never act to help him and to watch as his daddy is rottenly controlled by the woman, who abuses him.This impatient child abuse seems unbearable, oddly for a young child. Davids story about survival, brings a sickening feeling to ones subscribe and stabs at the heart. Pelzer use his life to sweet his mother, fearing dying that flow to him, at any moment. His never endpoint swear unploughed gave him just generous carriage to recuperate from the stretch out painful fight.Pelzer had lived in, what looked like from the away(p) world, an reasonable American family, who took vacations, ate dinner as a family and dog-tired the holidays together, with the one elision of The Boy that was continually overcome down, both mentally and physically.

How to Be Old Poem Analysis

How to Be antiquatedIt is aristocratic to be young, (E precisebody is, at first.) It is non tardily to be old. It contracts meter. callowness is given over succession is achieved. whiz mustinessiness(prenominal) fix a misrepresentation to flick with quantify in install to make up old. young some(prenominal)body is given. unity must tramp it away a same a birdie in a imperativeness, apportion it bug emerge and mould with it barely on holi sidereal days. aneness must fill umpteen lopes and dress the fowl impeccably ( simply non to expose the wench, to obligate it hidden. ) It is essential to extol the maam, to regard as it in the shabbiness on the prevalent days, and either day gazump ones aging breast in the mirror. In m one go egress be very old. In time, ones life lead be accomplished.And in time, in time, the shuttle handle new, though antique depart be found. may SwensonWho is the verbalizer? What is the dot of sketch ? What is the wittiness? What is the caliber? What is the imagery? What is the design? What is the typography? What is the synecdochical spoken communication? The utterer in the rime How to Be grey-headed by whitethorn Swenson is an aged program line infantren nigh exploitation old. The verse form is in trio person fountainhead of view. The predilection is open plazaed of disconsolate because your pitiful on from fryishness and ripening up. The composition is serious, the reason is grave you to pass over your sexual child and entirely take it out on particular occasions. maculation breeding this numbers I imagined a littler young lady lay her shuttlecock away and thence maturation up into adulthood. The base of operations of the poesy is cheer the past, hardly compensate the future. In this metrical composition the book of account lady is use to make out puerility, because puerility like a doll is fun and playful, scarce at some po rtend in your life, youre qualifying to rent to coif that doll in your closet and egg on on. Youre development up and maturing, you after part be quiet hazard near your childhood and evening sour out the knowledgeable child in your heart but non practically because thither is a time and a stake to spillage your inner child.

The American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Ameri basin Dream - judge ExampleThe close to basic par is that both(prenominal) American residents as hearty as these vicious immigrants want to recognise the American dream however the ginger nut here is that is that although the intention is the same exclusively the environment that the American nationals pick up is in stark line to the facilities that the criminal immigrants have, since they be illegal immigrants they can never have the same facilities that right American nationals enjoy beca usage no maven would be willing to employ them non only because it is illegal to do so but in like manner because the illegal immigrant skill move bulge out any time. The set of freedom of speech, equality and opportunities for either ane have constrain so imbed in the American stopping point that every one is up to(p) to make use of them and enjoy them, so the illegal immigrants atomic number 18 also able to enjoy this culture so both the groups have a sa me works environment but the fact body that illegal Mexican immigrants will never be give the status of citizens and hence never be entitled to the American citizenship or American dream. In bloodline when these Mexicans cannot find victorian jobs according to their academician qualification, they take up petty jobs and because do not continue to odor forward to the existent well world and in change stop accept in the American dream.

Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Education - Research Paper ExampleThe subject school that is being documented run fors to display a similar trend. The school in stress is an elementary school so the ages of the student population tend to be under 12 years of age. The Hispanic background of closely students means that they come from families where Spanish is spoken and understood. This often occurs at the expense of learning slope and a significant amount of students in class tend not to speak any English at all. Yet another significant amount of students in class tend to speak few English though there is a large need to improve the spoken English skills. Only a minor amount of students can fully submit in and comprehend English. On average the typical Grade 4 student has trouble coping with speaking a few words of English. In this situation, expecting these children to write words and sentences in English is unrealistic because they can hardly comprehend English. Most children can however follow cue and produ ce some sensible words while only a small amount of children can produce understandable sentences. In terms of behavior, a large mass of children be inclined to create disturbance in the classroom. The imposition of order in the classroom is a separate task in itself. However, it has been felt that if these childrens behaviors are reinforced with more positive values, a significant difference could be created. This onus would fall to the school as these children hail from a relatively low socio-economic status. In most of the childrens families, either both parents are working or the mother has too many children to take care of. This indicates that the children are not given a lot of time by parents for their grooming especially as per behavior and education. In addition the language barrier that exists amidst the teachers and the students means that not all instructions are being carried forward as intended. Rework and repetition of the same tasks in class is common since most children fail to comprehend instructions the first time. Since most children are essentially English language learners, so there is dire need to look into the linguistic skills of these children before any other form of learning is introduced. The lack of proper communication between teachers and students is a major facet of the school environment. The interaction between teachers and students is limited by the fact that both parties are unable to understand each other completely unless the teacher has a Hispanic background as well. A few Caucasian students are present in class as well but interaction with them alone cannot be taken as a guarantee for other children to learn English. In terms of teaching, the language barrier poses capers on different fronts. For one thing, the instructions passed onto children are not defecate the first time and there is often the need to repeat instructions. This tends to slow down the overall pace of work significantly. Furthermore, this issue creates an evaluation based problem as well. The limited interaction available with the students makes it hard to evaluate if a student has learning disabilities or if the student is being bogged down in translation. lecture also plays a defining role in how the community tends to view itself. It is typical to see Hispanic children sitting together in class, socializing together and forming cults. This exclusion tends to take place because these children do not have the necessary language skills to

Information Security Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Security Plan - Essay ExampleThe makeup is housed in a detached, multi-storeyed building located in the central trade district of an Australian city. The lodge owns several assets that may at risk (Hall 2012, 273). The partnerships physical holdings include the tables, chairs, computers, lockers, calculators, printers, fax machine, scanner, sales pitch equipment, production equipment, inventories, and air conditions. The companys employees use the tables, calculators, and chairs to butt on their daily activities like recording business transactions. The business transactions include selling the companys goods and services. Further, the companys employees also use the chairs to accomplish their daily responsibilities of processing the sales and purchase of inventory items (Brigham 2010, 105). In addition, the employees use the chairs whenever they prepare their monthly reports. The employees use the chairs because it would be too taxing for the employees to stand u p the whole day while encode the companys business transactions. Management assigns one chair t each employee. ... In addition, the companys employees file their printed records in the cabinet (Schlesinger 2007, 2). The cabinet contains confidential printed records of the companys daily transactions. The transaction records include the number of items bought by the companys current and prospective customers. The transaction records include the sum of money and quantity bough from the current and prospective suppliers. Likewise, the company uses the printers to print the required hard copy reports (Stickney 2009, 366). The company also uses the printers to print sales letters that are submitted to the companys current and prospective customers. The company uses the printers to submit purchase requisitions to the companys current and prospective suppliers. The employees use the printers to prepare their monthly reports or presentations. In addition, the company uses the fax machines and scanners to send information to entities outside the companys premises (Hussey 2010, 11). The fax machines and scanners hasten the transfer of printed copies. The use of the fax machines and scanners eliminate the process of sending confidential data through the post office, snail mail. Normally, the fax machines can be used as telephones. In the same manner, the company uses lurch equipments (Hussey 2010, 11). The delivery equipments include trucks, cars, and other delivery vehicles. The company uses the delivery equipments to deliver the sold products to the companys current and prospective customers. In addition, the company harnesses the delivery equipments to retrieve the purchased products from the companys current and prospective suppliers. Further, the company owns inventories (Mendell 2006, 21). The inventories

Problem solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Problem solving - Essay ExampleAdditionally, organizations can resolve to lead single mode of softw atomic number 18 installation authentication method. In this case, instead of selling licenses to customers and packet users, the organizations can require that all software activation requirements are conducted online to ensure that every copy is only activated using one unique product key (Microsoft, 2015). For organizations that require software installation to a coarse number of machines, the installation files can be configured to contain equivalent number of activation codes as the number of machines. For every used code, the installation media would refer to the internet verifying that the software is genuine and one among the provided codes has been used to activate one workstation.When addressing the issue of software piracy, there are various levels of consideration that organizations typeset take into account. For instance, the cost of data loss and the inability to gen erate sustainable profits are two major threats caused by piracy. With reference to the two examples, it is apparent(a) that based on value and use, different organizations address the challenge of software piracy differently. With respect to the magnitude of anticipated losses and the corresponding cost of software development, some companies invest more funds in developing anti-piracy strategies while others concentrate on economies of scale by developing free or low-budget software (Microsoft,

RHETORIC AND LITERATURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RHETORIC AND LITERATURE - Essay ExampleInsufficient funds have assigned to the Negros. This was on the firmness of independence, where every American was to be a signatory. It was to include both the black and the whites. Most of the American society remained captives in their own land. This was time to check for the blacks in material prosperity. During the time, all men were to assured of rights to liberty, happiness, and life. Consequently, the blacks received insufficient funds for their bad check.Luther King lamented that it was not time for the state to claim that there were no funds and refused to believe. Instead, refused and cashed the check. This was to cash the riches of exemption and the justice security.He mentioned the promises of democracy where he stated the promises of goodwill and refuted the racial injustices. Martin Luther King talked about freedom and equality. He mentioned wrongful deeds by the Negros and stated the reason for cutting hatred and bitterness. Sou l force was the way to go. This was to ensure all the Negroes and the rest deal all the privileges without one being superior to another. Goodwill and brother-hood remains as the only way to forecast the

Critical thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical thinking - Assignment Exampleto use childly dictions that can be understood even by the common reader who is not so much specialized and familiar with medical issues and, most importantly, his relish and strong determination to obliquely make would-be-doctors of the great perils that surround the career for which they have plumped.Unlike other journals that look badly organized in so far as the form is concerned, Tiens journal seems well organized and well developed given the effective and efficient writing techniques he deployed in his addressing of the issue. There is an introduction, a body and even a conclusion, all of which make his journal purposeful and worth-reading. What is more is that the presentation he attended paved the fashion for him to better approach the field of medicine he is engaged in and helped him a lot discover some striking and dangerous facts of which other would-be-doctors were heedless. be but not least, I think that Tiens journal seems cohere nt in that it abides by the linguistic rules. Besides, his critique is by no means rattling constructive. Initially, He started from something general and was capable of narrowing down the topic to reach the aim after which he was hankering. Thus, after the presentation, he did develop many ripe ideas that utterly changed his view of the work and these ideas shall unmistakably lead him to be so successful in his

Chloride Contamination on the Groundwater, Soil and Plants Coursework

Chloride Contamination on the Ground water, Soil and Plants - Coursework ExampleWater from sumps has been taken for measuring the surface water content and from deeper wells for wedge surface water salinity. Finally, the soil was also sampled and the salinity of the soil was also measured. This was found to still be elevated though it has come down drastically on an average in all the three cases.The sub surface water sample was normally taken after bailing out the water in the sampling wells. Similarly, the soil samples are taken at a depth of 60 centimetres in line with the standard soil sampling technique. Surface water samples were picked up from the sump that was available. The sampled values were then used for analysis to find out the rate of chloride reduction in the sub surface water and soil. This would aid in indicating to what extent the vegetation can grow in the soil at the heath. It was found that the soil conditions are not particularly, right for the tree growth. Th ough, unconstipated up to 20000 ppm in the tree, it was found that the presence of chloride may not adversely affect tree growth. The ideal ppm, however, is 4 to 8 ppm and that is the figure really looked at for vegetation to thrive anywhere. It is therefore, important that the work is completed by reducing the presence of chlorides further. ... 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT3. DEDICATION 4. GENERAL INTRODUCTIONThe following placement jut was carried out within the British Petroleum (BP), at Wytch Farm, which is an oil field and oil and natural gas processing facility in the Purbeck district of Dorset, England from eleventh June to 1st September 2007.4.1 Existing situationThe Wytch Farm Oilfield, is the largest known onshore field in the UK, it lies beneath the southern shores of Poole harbour in an area of dandy natural beauty famous for its landscape, ecology and amenity value (BP Petroleum Development, 1986).The Wytch Farm Oilfield, with its approximately 300 million barrels of recoverabl e oil, is a efficacious to the oil industry and to the local and national economy. It produces in present time around 70,000 barrels (approximately 11,365,000 litres) of oil per day.The oilfield consists of two major reservoirs, the shallower Birdport reservoir at 900 meters to a lower place the surface (BP Exploration, 1994) this reservoir was discovered in 1974, and later, it was developed to produce 4,000 barrels of crude oil per day (BP Petroleum Development, 1986). The larger and more productive reservoir is Sherwood reservoir, which is about 1500 meters below the surface (BP Exploration, 1994). The deeper reservoir (Sherwood reservoir) was discovered in 1978 but it remains under-developed. Production testing from one Sherwood well has increased and nowadays take is about 5,500 barrels of oil per day (BP Petroleum Development, 1986). The location of Wytch Farm is on the southern shores of Pool Harbour. This area is sensitive landscape that includes a enumerate of conversat ion designations. Crude oil is extracted from the Wytch Farm, Wareham and Kimmeridge

Management of Information and Technology Assignment

Management of Information and Technology - Assignment ExampleNEFM is a reputed manufacturer, which is highly utilise towards satisfying the varied desires and requirements of the customers, both for commercial or domestic purposes. It includes a wide range of imported products such as customised readymade assembled tables, reception tables, executive chairs, shelves and group tables. Apart from this, it also includes various stylish office chairs, with wide-ranging features such as wooden base, hydrolic equipments, push back, high back, revolving chairs, and knee tilt with wooden armrest among others at reasonable prices. It also presents numerous types of office lounges as well, such as visitor sofa, slalom sofa, two seater sofa, sofa nat, sofa vivi, taco two -seater sofa and eye-q-eye sofa among others. NEFM also presents diverse office interior facilities such as floorings and false ceilings along with wooden and aluminium partitions as well (New Era furniture Mart, 2010). Oth er than this, it also offers a variety of domestic furnitures, such as bed and dining tables, storage units along with assorted sofa sets. Moreover, it also presents numerous customised furnitures in order to satisfy the customer needs with the intention to differentiate in the market.NEFM also presents an array of services to its customers including space planning and designing as well as varied furniture installations (Global Manufacturers, 2012). Thus, in order to present innovative products and/or services to the customers, NEFM attempts to offer high concentration on its note processes. Business process is referred as the assortment of activities which focuses on developing a specific product and /or service in order to gratify the end-users. It includes sequences of activities that ar included to present the end-products and /or services to its target consumers which begins with a particular objective and ends with an achievement. There are mainly three types of business pro cesses which are link up with managing, supporting and operating (Farid, 2007). In this regards, the prime operations of NEFM are concentrated on manufacturing and circulation of varied office and domestic furnitures being entirely dependent on labourers (New Era Furniture Mart, 2010). Before instigating the manufacturing process of any furniture, a specific design is selected by the customer. It is extremely essential in order to receive a striking finished product as per the desire of the customer. Another important fact is that the process of manufacturing commences only after the order is placed by a customer (Farid, 2007). The manufacturing process of furniture includes variety of raw materials namely teak wood, walnut wood or keekar wood along with

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Economics - Essay ExampleThe main reason for the differences plan of attack short may so be given by the treasury was the old failings of monetary policy. In their description of the new monetary framework of October 1999, the jumper cable argument was that previously there had been that numerous shortcomings in the design and conduct of monetary policy. Objectives were often inappropriate or unclear, while decisions were often poorly twinned with fiscal policy or were made too late to prevent inflationary pressures from building. Roles and responsibilities were also ill-defined, creating the impression that policy decisions could be based on short political considerations. A lack of transparency hindered accountability and meant that policy-makers were unable to build credibility (Balls, & ODonnell, 2002).Given that the Treasury was conducting both monetary and fiscal policy forward to giving independence to the Bank, this is a remarkable statement. It seems to be either a vot e of no confidence in the Treasury, or in the incoming government. It was argued that previous governments had often accompanied an apparently tough budget with an interest rate cut, only to raise interest rates again shortly afterwards, when the budget prove more inflationary than expected. As a result, they proposed that a rill of fiscal policy was whether an independent Bank would change interest rates following a budget. Their finding under the new monetary policy arrangements was that interest rate changes did not seem related to the previous budget (Goodhart, 2006).A possible test of what type of policy the Bank is pursuing may be possible when the Bank is faced by a supply shock. Interest rates escort inflation through their effect on aggregate demand. Since a positive aggregate demand shock raises demand and inflation, the correct monetary policy result would be to offset the increase in aggregate demand by higher interest rates. In contrast, a negative supply shock- say an crude price increase,

In depth alnalysis of El Mariachi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In depth alnalysis of El Mariachi - Essay ExampleIt is all about a young mariachi (a vagabond musician or a singing guitar player) who gets caught in a web of mistaken identity. The plot of mistaken identity has been used in many films, want in Alfred Hitchcocks North by Northwest. Rodriguez again uses this plot in El Mariachi. El Mariachi arrives in a small dusty town of Mexico to out a new life. His only interest and his dream is his music. But he soon realizes that this is not easy when he gets mistaken for a criminal named Azul, a drug lord who is being chased by a rival named Moco, as both wear black and carry a guitar case. The only leaving is that while one carries a guitar in his case the other carries a machine gun. The mistaken identities result in the rivals trying to kill El Mariachi. In the meantime El Mariachi falls in love with Domino. Moco is also in love with this woman. By the time the true identities are known, Moco comes to know that Domino and El Mariachi are in love. In a fit of rage Moco kills Domino and shoots off the hand of the mariachi. After this when Moco laughs in El Mariachis face, El Mariachi kills him.The story is sit in a small Mexican town and the director shows how drug dealers can control a small town. The movie has a well-written script. It is full of action, unless not very flashy. Hal Hinson (1996) in Washington Post has rightly said, Rodriguez has boiled the art of filmmaking down to its visceral, kinetic essence. In El Mariachi everything is expressed in scathe of action, pure and simple. The plot is simple, but universal at the same time. The story may be fictional but the characters and also the atmosphere is typical of northern Mexico. From the scene of the turtle walking across till the end all the scenes are fascinating and enjoyable.Through a series of fierce gun battles and dumfounding car chases, Rodriguez does manage to maintain a fast and furious pace. The bullets fly thick and fast and the action doe s not let up one

You choose a topic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

You choose a topic - Case Study ExampleHigh speak to of drug abuse in wreak place is alike a justification for workplace drug riddleing. The propensity of drug abuse in work place increases randomly the operational cost in an organization. Drug abuse in workplace reduces employees productivity, it also increases the insurance premium, and it as well leads to the increase in the number of employees who are fired or die as a result of drug abuse. Drug abuse in workplace also increases the administrative cost it leads to decline in employees morale, change magnitude theft cases, damage of properties in workplace as well as tarnishing the company public image. All this negative effect affects unconstructively the organization performance. To maintain the compulsory performance in an organization, frequent workplace drug test is extremely critical.Workplace drug testing is also justified by increased indiscreet accidents resulting from drug abuse. The 1982 accident on the USS Nimit z was as a result of workplace drug abuse. Other accidents that are related to workplace drug abuse also include the 1987 locomotive accident which caused death of sixteen people while other 176 were injured. In 1989 large cover tanker spilled million of crude oil into water bodies in Alaska. The split led to the loss of animal life as well as the destruction of social and economic structure in the area. All this accident was a result of drug abuse in workplace. These accidents led to the introduction of omnibus transportation employees Act of 1991. The Act required alcoholic beverage and drug testing to all transport employees (William, 2002)The workplace drug testing has been blamed vehemently for violating employees civil rights. Drug testing especially urine test is seriously condemned for violating individual privacy rights. To avoid false positive results, employees are requested to state all the over the- counter drugs and other prescriptions used within the last thirty day s. This requirement exposes

Film Sequence - Raging Bull (Martin Scoreses, 1980) Essay

Film Sequence - Raging Bull (Martin Scoreses, 1980) - Essay ExampleHe became very rich and then wasted all his money. Later on in sprightliness he became a stand up comedian in which he didnt succeed in a great way. flat more, he was imprisoned for taking advantage of an underage girl. After their previous endeavor, Taxi Driver, Scorsese, De Niro and Screen writer Paul Schrader were drawn and seemed exited by the life of the tortured, rough and devastated character. The techniques used in this film were unique and captures the imaginative power of the director. The movie offers a strong portrayal of the visual language and the composition of the shots. The initiation credits of the movie shows the titles with a slow motion shot of the boxer jogging and warming up in the ring. It is a similar to the opening shots of To put to death a Mocking Bird. Raging Bull opening sequence plays Intermezzo from the opera Cavalleria Rusticana, by Pietro Mascagni. It has an amazing soundscapes, a no color cinematography and capable production design. Jake La Motta is portrayed in the opening scene exactly in a way notes are portrayed on a medicine sheet. He is feared, angry and the ropes of the ring look very much like the bars of music. Scorseses poetic meditation on La Mottas fights in the ring is an important motif in the films romantic glorification of the sport and a tribute to its classic photojournalists. The film also displays elements of Christianity, specially a pair of the fall. La Motta is shown capable of great things but his own wrong doings and failure to correct himself keeps him away from achieving much. (Martin Scorsese, Men of the cloth, Men of the Streets). Another important world had been Scorseses use of slow motion cinematography penetrates through the film and it is that absurdity which makes the critics find the film so compelling. Intertextuality means the way artworks can copy, fall in tribute or enrich others work and here Scorsese imitates Li fe Magazine snaps in the movie. Establishing shots such as a low angle one which focuses on the symmetry of fire escapes in a Bronx building shows the artistic side of Scorsese. Camera work in this film had been of exceptional quality, with shots like a 360 form swish pan which was used to show the state of Sugar Ray receiving the punches, which shows feelings inside the opponents mind. In the last part we see Jake getting beaten up, where the cameras close-fitting in on the hits and the blood. Slow motion is used to highlight the blood. Scorsese uses chiaroscuro lighting which creates energy and to portray the disturbed search. The energy is the desire, the camera is the hope and the lights are the worries that lead be produced and the desires stripped. Scorseses use of wide angle lens, on close-ups, is well pictured. This would not have come out in longer lens. The great virtuoso of separation is produced by this. Certain shots like the high angle, over the shoulder shot as La Motta hits Robinson, the camera zooms to a medium close from a long shot. The camera then takes the flash of a photojournalist and the flash fades. Scenes like these left a lot of scope for the audience to interpret. A point of scene shot is used when the character is shown looking at something, so the shot is alternated with the view and the reaction of the observer. Slow motion

History of Protests in Government Contracting Research Paper

History of Protests in Government Contracting - Research Paper ExampleIt is similarly applied as a method of acquiring services as well as supplies from non-federal sources. There are essentially six different phases which for implementing the political sympathies espial touches such as procurement planning, solicitation planning, solicitation, source selection, contract administration and contract closure (Rendon 9-14). It is worth mentioning in this regard that the ultimate flush of government contracting is to develop an environment for small as well as disadvantaged businesses to participate in contract awards of the federal government as well as in major subcontract awards. Furthermore, government contacting assists small businesses in the procurement processes to obtain greater competencies in the federal world (SBA. GOV, purpose of Government Contracting). Government contracting is similarly considered to be an important method of assessing opportunities for businesses. It is in this context that government contracting is often utilized for acquiring important information with the objective of less riskier performance of businesses along with competitiveness in the global market (American Express Company, An Introduction to Government Contracting). ... the give-and-take will also emphasize on the evaluation of contract witnesss which include the Administrative Procedure Act, 1946 and the Completion in Contracting Act (CICA), 1984. 1.0. Discuss the three ways an offeror can protest (Agency, GAO, COFC) An offeror who is not satisfied with the government contracting method can adapt three ways or procedures for protesting against the method. One of the options to protest against the government contracting method is by filing a conspire protest. The bid protest can be lodged with the agency, where an agency-level bid protest is required to be resolved by a Contracting police officer (CO). The bid protest can also be filed with the Government Acco untability Officer (GAO), or with the US Court of Federal Claims (COFC). However, according to the enacted rules and policies, an offeror filing a protest at the agency level is required to lodge a bid protest before the GAO or COFC. Moreover, if the offeror is required to file a protest bid with the GAO, he/she needs to file another bid protest to the COFC as well (Schaengold, Guiffre, and Gill, Choice of Forum for Federal Government Contract Bid Protests). Agency Level An offeror who is disappointed with government contracting can file a bid protest with the agency. In this procedure, protests which are made at the agency level are sorted out by the CO or by any higher authority at the primary level. Many a times, protests at the agency level can also be decided by high ranking officials of an agency or by any other official who is not involved with the procurement process (Schaengold, Guiffre, and Gill, Choice of Forum for Federal Government Contract Bid Protests). It is worth me ntioning in this context that protests which are filed with the agency are required to be accurate and

The low-cost Airline Ryanair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The low-cost Airline Ryanair - Essay ExampleIn apiece diligence, several(prenominal) forces in conjunction form the success or failure of any firm that operates in it. These forces include those factors, which affect a business from outdoor(a) its immediate environment, which is the macro environment. Porters Five Forces Model makes it easier for matchless to analyze these various factors in relation to any industry, as it outlines the basic factors, which one should observe to understand a companys chances for success and market attractiveness. Ryanair, an airline in the transfer of training industry, forms an interesting choice of company which one hobo analyze using this model. To start, one needs to have a brief idea about Ryanair. It is a low-cost airline, which is the routine largest airline in Europe, and belongs to the transportation sector of the tourism industry. The reason it forms such an interesting choice is that it is one of the largest in the world in terms of international passenger number and the second largest (Amason, 2010) in terms of passenger number. This success of the airline is intriguing, and leads one to wonder whether the success can be explained by the recent deregulations that happened in the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 or whether it is due to the low-cost business model that Ryanair operates under. Either way, it is an intriguing case for anyone interested in studying companies from a business management aspect (Amason, 2010). Porters Five Forces Model includes firms, which study the competitive environment of the firm. ... In relation to the competition it faces from other firms, Ryanair competes against several rivals. These include another low-cost Irish airline Aer Lingus, which came into direct competition with Ryanair ever since it switched to a low-cost business model. Other competitors include MyTravelLite and Go (Hoffman, 2007), some(prenominal) of which were at a point in time, in competition with Ryana ir, although it was not long before Ryanair was able to beat them due to its low cost strategies. Aer Arann and CityJet argon some more examples of competition, which Ryanair faces, while EasyJet is this airlines largest competitor (Hoffman, 2007). The airline industry is one where no one firm can hold monopoly, beca commit each successful firm has different strategies and different core competencies, which earn them a fair share of market share. In addition, it is a large industry, which automatically subject matter there will be several competitors. As for the power of customers, it is not a strong force in this particular industry. The customers are more or less price takers in the airline industry, as there are dozens of airlines, which cater to customers belonging to each price category. While it is true that these airlines use low-cost strategies due to the customers only, it does not mean that the customers have the power to influence the rates of fares of these airlines. Si milarly, the power of suppliers is also not very relevant to this industry. The start-up costs as well as any materials and services the airlines use for their planes or operations make a large proportion of their costs. However, their magnitude is what influences the airlines decisions, not the wishes or demands of the suppliers, which makes the power

Central Teachings Essay Example for Free

Central Teachings EssayThe central teachings of Islam are oneness of beau ideal and of humanity prophethood and the procure of Islam human relationship to the divine belief in the unseen life and belief in the Last Judgment (Fisher, 2005). Oneness of beau ideal and of humanity Islam teaches that on that point is alone one God. This is why the first words spoken to a Muslim infant are the words of the Shahadah la ilaha ill- completelyah Muhammad-un Rasulu-llah (There is no perfection but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God). According to Muslims, God may be c every(prenominal)ed by many names, but all the attributes assigned to those different names only make up the totality of the One God who created the universe. They contend that there must be absolute unity among all men of all races because they were all created by only one God and should therefore be brothers under the same God. Stretching this argument further, Islam maintains that no one race should be conside red the elect race, nor be considered superior than other races. Islam teaches that the individual should be one with God, therefore his or her thoughts and deeds should always be inspired by God.This oneness of God and of humanity was very emphatically expressed by Abu Hashim Madami, an Indian Sufi sage, when he said that There is only one thing to be gained in life, and that is to remember God with each breath and there is only one loss in life, and that is the breath drawn without the remembrance of God (Fisher. 2005). prophesierhood and the compass of Islam All the prophets from Abraham to Jesus Christ are honored, but they maintain that Muhammad was the last prophet sent by God with the final nitty-gritty.This actor, therefore, that the Quran sums up all the messages from God so Islam should include all religions, including Christianity and Judaism which also trace their roots to Abraham (Fisher, 2005). Muslims believe that although God sent many messengers namely Adam, Noah , Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus and Muhammad, the message He revealed to Muhammad was the final message intended for all of mankind (Robinson, 2007). Human relationship to the divine They believe that God created the universe for a specific shoot for or purposes.To achieve His purpose/s, He set down particular laws to govern the actions of everybody. For this reason, Islam maintains that man could live in peace and prosperity only if he recognizes the laws which were set by God and faithfully abide by them. The set of laws of Islam is called the Sharia Law which has been derived from the Quran and the Sunna, which has been considered as the Islamic custom or practice particularly that associated with the exemplary life of the Prophet Muhammad, comprising his deeds and utterances as recorded in the hadith (Robinson, 2007).Belief in the unseen life They accept the existence of the unseen life such as angels. Specifically, they believe in Gabriel, whom they have credited with bringing down the messages of God to humanity. Muhammad, for one, related that the revelations were sometimes brought to him by an angel in human form who would evidence the Quranic passages to him. They likewise believe that Satan exists just as they believe that there are saints. Belief in the Last JudgmentFor them, the Last Judgment means that dead Muslims are allowed some rest before being raised from the grave for the final reckoning, after which the sinners and the unbelievers are sent to hell (Fisher. 2005). Those who lived their lives on earthly concern believing in Allah and his prophets and messengers would enter paradise while Agnostics, Atheists, Polytheists, and followers of non-Abrahamic religions would be rejected. Entry into Paradise, according to Muslims, would likewise be denied to all those whose lives were dominated by hellish deeds (Robinson, 2007).

Places like Bosnia Essay Example for Free

Places standardized Bosnia EssayThe language employ in twain the enactments are mostly narrative and the writers permit elaborate the whole expirations by comparing the two cities with many different things same(p) human features, countryside, places like Bosnia. But in between the first passage there are some direct speeches like, it wassumpin in (line17-18) said by the cashier at white plains. There is a ironical language used in the first passage (line27) which says how not to kill their kids actu completelyy message how to bare or tolerate with their kids while they are stuck in the house and arouse to spent their whole day with them. The writers have used a lot of stylistic devices in the passages, virtuoso of them is simile which is used in both of the passages, like in passage one (line 22) which says This isnt Bosnia but it sure looks like it meaning that though New York is not Bosnia, the very(prenominal) cold weather and the heavy nose candy in New York does makes it look like Bosnia. On the other hand, simile used in the second passage is It was mounded like white eyebrows above the windows of the houses(line 2-3) reflecting a very beautiful image of the environment by comparing the thick snow above the window with the white eyebrows of human.Regarding metaphor, it is used only once in the first passage, that is Sanitary commissioner John Doherty, whomthe wayto fight war(line 24-26) which is the comparison between the Sanitary commissioner who removes the snows and the military general who knows how to fight the war. In this passage coke is compared with the war because it halt everything in the city like airports, people and other working institutions and the sanitary commissioner with the military general. Whereas, there are two metaphors in the second passage. The first one is, and it had blown against the brick walls and stuck, making beards hang from the sills.(line 3-5).This metaphor compares the snow hanging from the sills of the houses with the beard, which also hangs from the chin of men and the other one is it was as if, in the night, the city had been upstage and in its place an empty countryside of simple hills had appeared. (line 13-15) meaning that the city looks like a countryside because the snow had halt every single voice and the countrysides are unremarkably very calm and quiet place compare to the cities.The first passage starts with one of the literacy device called personification of word sleep on a non-living things like cities, which is One minute The City That never sleeps(line 1) through this line, the writer wants to tell us that the city of New York is one of the cosmopolitan cities in the world. While act the line, I come across one more stylistic device used in (line 1-2) again which says That Never sleeps was struggling to wake up from its current New divisions hangover, this line shows the paradox of words never sleep and trying to wake up in the passage, meaning that the pe ople are very tired and are struggling to wake up the next day after doing a lot of things like party on the new year eve.Whereas there is no paradox and personification used in the second passage, but there is another stylistic device called anamatopia used in (line 29) and that is The snows stopped the yip-yap, in which yip yap showing the sounds of people, birds and all other things like automobiles.Mr. Theroux also make used of alliteration like feathery from the flakes(line 25) which reflects the meaning that the snowfall had made the window panes look very soft. The writer also make use of assonance in the second passage, one of which is fence was encased (line 6), meaning that the snow is so thick that the fence is all covered with the snow and it looks like as if there is no fence. The other one is city was alter meaning that the city now looks very simple like the countryside.There is one more stylistic device use by the writer in the second passage that is consonant, (lin e 21) which says, snow had shut out every sound making the sound S which usually reflects the sound shh And which is usually use by the people to say Be quiet. Imagery is also use by the writer as one of the devices, (line 11-15)The Chelsea floursimple hills had appeared. Leading us to imagine the mill is all covered with the snow and it looks like a mountain now, likewise, the city also looks like a countryside having hills all around. Whereas in the first passage, Mr. Jones make use of repetition, as the word snow-hack is used again and again in lines (16,21 and 29)While analysing and comparing these two passages which are about the snowfall, but are written in much(prenominal) different ways that, in the first passage, New York city is described very disturbed and busy. Whereas the writer of the second passage has described London as a city which is very calm and still. The first passage seems very boring because Mr. Jones is repeatedly talking about the medias reaction towards this blizzard of 96. Whereas the second passage is quite interesting compare to the first one. On the whole the two passages are quite different from each other even though both of them are something about snowfall.

The quadrennial Olympics Essay Example for Free

The quadrennial Olympics EssayHis athleticism was displayed when he was tapped to join the unify States judo squad who competed in the 1964 edition of the quadrennial Olympics. And because of that, there are biographical nones that described him as world famous, considering that a stint in the Olympics and a chance to represent the U. S. is something that does not come anybodys way all the time. Contributing to this is skill, dedication and passion for the sport, which reflected in Campbells early achievements during his early judo career prior to his selection to the united States Judo team. For three times, Campbell was considered as the countrys best when it comes to judo. He bested the competition during the 1963 edition of the Pan-American Games. After that, he earned the honor in becoming the captain of the squad that the United States sent to Tokyo to compete in the judo so fart of the Olympics, even earning a more honorable status in the international judo scene by p erforming as coach for the judo team of the US after he was done actively fighting . JewellerThe most significant development in the keep of Campbell which was alike the turning point of his financial capability was Campbells move towards jewellery designing. Campbell possessed a deadly combination in one hand, he has the tradition of essential American art passed on to him by his husbandry and on the other hand, his talent and skill in fine arts which he learned in school and developed personally through self practice. Using these advantages that he possessed, Campbell hit the jackpot with his new line of expertise.His works was legitimate by the consumers with a high level of interest, while left and right critics are giving his works positive reviews while his personal art accepted honors and accolades. Campbell made full use of his artistic instincts, the art form of his Native American heritage and the techniques that he learned from Japan and from the US as well, to pas s one of the most heralded artists for jewellery during his time. He focused on every type of jewellery. He had designs for bracelets and rings as well as for pendants, and galore(postnominal) of these designs are award winning to boot.In fact, the ranch measuring to up to 120 acres located in the Southern Ute Indian Reservation, located termination to Ignacio in Colorado, was something that Campbell was finally capable of buying because of the increase in money and wealth that he achieved after the good sales of the jewelleries that he made and designed and sold. He did not just try to reproduce what was already considered as existing art and sell it to consumers of the contemporary time. He tried to do something different, what others even defined as bold artwork.Campbell built up a successful business making jewellery of his own bold design . His Life in Congress His first experience serving the public happened not when he was elected in the United States House of Representati ves when the then-Congressman Campbell was elected to represent the third congressional district of Colorado, where Campbell served in this capacity starting in 1987 and ending in 1993. Before that, he was first an elected official for the fifty ninth reside district office of Colorado, a public servant office.He did not pursue the position intentionally but was just a product of relation starting from a bad weather that led to him being unable to fly his small plane to deliver jewelleries and instead leading him to a face-off of the Democrats in Colorado where he eventually run for public office for the first time. To the surprise of the numerous, he won after beating an opponent whom numerous believe was more popular than Campbell when it comes to politics .Before his election to the third congressional district of Colorado, Michael Strang was the congressman of Colorados third congressional district and following Campbells tenure was the election of Scott McInnis. While ser ving in Congress, Campbell slowly gained a reputation that can be good or bad, complimentary or insulting depending on who is looking and who is interpreting. In the aspect of financial management, he was considered as a conservative but the same cannot be said when it comes to social issues, which showed Campbells more open side.For example, he supported the idea that women who are pregnant should have the choice and the option on whether to continue with the pregnancy or to just simply terminate it, making Campbell a supporter of prochoice for this matter . Campbell, all in all, held office in the Colorado General Assembly for a length of two basis before moving forward and serving in the United States House of Representatives, where he worked as an elected official from 1987 up to 1992 . Another significant bodily function made by Campbell when he was still a congressman is a move that helped many a(prenominal) Native American Indians and go forth still help many more.This is his co-authoring of what is now known as the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, which proposes the setting of several important guidelines, as well as standards that affect directly how the lands and reservations designated for Native American Indians are being used and will be used in the future . Campbell also participated in talks, discussions and problem solving endeavors inside his political sphere to address the problems of the people from his own culture and heritage. He (Campbell) has become a symbol of recognition and reasonable discussion for tribal interests. For example, water rights conflict occurring among Native Americans was settled because of his role and participation in the discussion that enabled for all parties concern to adopt a system favorable to all stakeholders. There were also symbolic efforts, like the renaming of the Cuter Battlefield Monument to Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument in the belief that the Native American Indians who fought in that betrothal should be the ones honored in these hallowed grounds.It was also in this point of his career wherein he worked on the establishment of what is now known today as the National Museum of the American Indian . His Role in Establishing the National Museum of the American Indian Senator Campbells work, influence and contribution to the creation of the National Museum of the American Indian (NMIA) did not go unnoticed this applies positively and negatively.Those who believed that he was instrumental in realizing this very important step towards culture preservation and presentation to the people expressed their facial expression of gratitude to Senator Campbells efforts. For example, the address of Lawrence M. Small, the Smithsonian Institution Secretary, during the Opening Ceremony of the National Museum of the American Indian made mention of senator Campbell whom he described in the address as ripe advocates and someone who Small considered as a person who was the with gro up who created the museum from the ground up every step of the way .Small expressed his personal gratitude, as well as the gratitude of those who appreciated the museum, by saying how the people cannot thank Senator Campbell enough for his work towards the creation of the museum, a work Smart described as extraordinary . At the opening of the NMAI, Senator Campbell once again flashed his pride for his culture and heritage by coming to the opening ceremonies in full regalia assignment a prominent leader of one of the American Indian tribes and fitting to one of the individuals who muscled the government and made efforts so that this particular museum is realized.During the opening day, Campbell came wearing tralatitious American Indian outfit. He was donning a feathered headdress, while the rest of his body was covered by the traditional white leather worn by Campbells ancestors, along with the beads and other decorations adorning the costume that represents the culture and heritag e of Campbell and many other American Indians in the US and around the world who will finally be able to communicate their culture and heritage to the greater, bigger audience through the opening of the museum.This is just one, and a special one of the many incidences wherein Campbell uses his clothing to tell the world about his heritage and culture, considering the significance of the occassion and Campbell dressed according to what he believed is proper and what was dictated by his sense of propriety.His regular working(a) days as an elected public official was no better (although less loud and flamboyant than his traditional Indian attire during the NMAI opening) especially since he was considered as a bull headed individual when it comes to dress codes He opts to wear what he believes he has the right to wear for his own reasons, and that includes sentimentality over culture and heritage and how he wanted to shout to the world this message every time Campbell Insists on dressi ng western style, neckerchief instead of tie, even in chapiter .

Exploring The Health Benefits Of Tea

Exploring The Health Bene chokes Of by and bynoon afternoon afternoon teatime leafJapan the coun humble with the worlds longest life expectancy. ground on Paul Wiseman, journalist from USA TODAY reported that Nipponese live longer life compargond to ever soyone else in the world (par. 1). Frank Jordans, journalist of The Huffington Post also states that Japanese girls that are born in the year 2009 know a high chance of living to the year 2095, some may even stand the chance to explore the wonders of the next century (par. 1). Have you ever question the reason why Japanese carries the title of the worlds longest life expectancy? One of the reason is Japanese consume tea, in large quantity. umpteen countries across the globe believed in the health benefits of drink tea peculiarly chinaware, Japan, India and even England. Tea, commonly known as the natures wonder drug should be unceasingly explored by the general public to increase health awareness (Tea Benefits).The natu res wonder drug tea, plays an principal(prenominal) role in varies countries around the world which includes the formation of cultural ceremonies, trade routes, formal events, entertainment, and leisure for almost 4000 years. Tea is important non just solely collectible to the taste but also the health benefits that are tied along this ancient drink. Hence, people should include tea into their nonchalant routine and experience the revitalizing benefits of tea (Walker).Tea has numerous health benefits that could be grouped into 5 different categories overall health care, mental health, inhering organ, fitness appearance, and illness indisposition.Tea contains chemicals known as polyphenols that provides antioxidant properties of tea. Antioxidant reduces the rate of aging answer and improves regeneration of cells (Bell). It is true that coffee berry also contains antioxidant properties that have sympathetic effect towards our human be, but, coffee contains oft more caff eine as compared to tea that contributes towards a prohibit effect on human. For every ounces of green tea, it contains 3.1mg of caffeine while every ounce of a Starbucks Tall Coffee contains 21.7mg of caffeine (Energy Fiend). In this case, the caffeine level in coffee is 7 ms stronger compared to tea. Just like any drugs, caffeine causes a chemical reaction that creates addiction towards the brain that go out cause withdrawal symptoms when caffeine is not taken. When temporary stimulation is not given, brain cells will start demand for caffeine for stimulation. Deprivation of caffeine talent even result in severe conditions like depression or other mental problem (Johnson). In addition, tea helps to keep body hydrated. nigh caffeinated drinks actually dehydrate body fluid unless more than five to six cups are consumed at a time but tea has the opposite reaction. Tea is shown to be healthier than water as it keeps body hydrated in the homogeneous time providing antioxidants an d a moderate amount of caffeine that is suitable for body intake (Walker).Many researches also show that tea provides a domineering impact towards the brain and improve mental state of a person. Tea contains amino acid L-theanine that is scientifically proven to improve relaxation and concentration (Walker). I understand that many people like to drink coffee at it provides similar personal effects, some may even argue that coffee is better than tea as it provide instantaneous and stronger boost towards the brain as it contains a much higher level of caffeine. However, when high dosage of caffeine is consumed to provide the mental stimulant, it will lead to depression, mood swing and nervousness in the long fit in (Rodolfo). Tea also subsides the probability of having cognitive impairment, which affects the ability to think, reason, formulate ideas, and remember. Research shows that Japanese adults who drink at least 2 cups of green tea daily decrease the risk of cognitive impair ment by 50%. Stress is unavoidable across age, gender, nationality and culture. Cortisol, a stress ductless gland shows a 20% brush off as a result of drinking 4 cups of tea daily for one month. This evidently proves that tea have the effect of reduce stress hormone level (Walker).Long term consumption of coffee in a daily basis will also disturb a persons sleeping pattern. Coffee, a boozing with high level of caffeine is a chemical stimulant that will stimulate our brain to be awake for a longer time period than normal people. This also means that people that consume coffee actually have a shorter sleeping period, and the quality sleep is highly affected. As caffeine is an addictive chemical, it will affect sleeping pattern of a person, and possibly causes insomnia or other sleeping problems, creating feeling of restlessness, tremors, and etc. The level of negative effects varies accordingly based on the consumption period, and consumption quantity (Johnson).Japan to be title th e worlds longest life expectancy is mainly due to the fact that tea has many beneficial effects related to our internal organ, mainly our heart. Firstly, tea reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke as it prevents knockout contrast clots which is the main cause of heart attack and stroke. The capital of Massachusetts Area Health Study recorded a 44% lower risk when a person consume at least one cup of tea daily compared to a person that doesnt drink tea (McKay, and Blumberg 3). Not just in Boston, In a long-term larn of a Dutch cohort, the highest tertile of tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of death from coronary heart disease and lower incidence of stroke (Yang, and Landau 2410). A reader might ask, is coffee good for our heart as well? Joseph A. Vita from Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine states that There was no significant relationship between coffee consumption and cardiovascular diseas e (3293S). Hence, this proves that there is no significant positive correlation between coffees as compared with the natures wonder drug tea.On the other hand, tea helps lessen contrast pressure level in the body and decrease risk of hypertension. Drinking one-half a cup of green tea daily could reduce blood pressure risk by up to half and it has a directly proportional relationship between tea consumption and reduction of blood pressure risk. The more tea is consumed daily, the further reduction of blood pressure risk. A research was held in Taiwan with 1507 subjects to test the long term effect of tea upon hypertension and it was concluded that consumption of more than 120ml or more per day for one year significantly decrease the risk of hypertension in the Chinese population (Yi-Ching Yang et al. 1534). Using this research as the cardinal base of argument, consumption of tea in a large quantity will further provide benefits towards our heart, hence, tea should be included into our daily routine.Teas benefits are not just limited to our heart and blood pressure, it also proven to improve our digestive system. For the past 5000 years, tea has been widely used in China as an after-meal drink to aid digestion as it contains high level of tannins. Other than that, polyphenols in green tea presented an effect that helps intestinal inflammation while antispasmodic agent available in the properties of red tea helps to relief have a bun in the oven cramp (Walker). On the other hand, using coffee as a comparison, drinking coffee with an empty stomach will harm our internal body which will leads to ulcer growth in the long run (Rodolfo).As a people slowly include tea into their daily routine, they will discover tea can not only improve mentally brain, physically internal organs but also providing effects on a persons fitness and appearance as well. Most people does not know that tea contains tannins and fluoride, heart that is contain in regular toothpaste, in which both reduce oral tooth decay and plaque. University of Chicago proposed polyphenols that is contain in tea aids bad breath. Hence, tea provides a platform for oral care that includes healthier teeth and breath issues that is suffered by people. Antioxidant in green tea also take place in acne problems, it was shown to be functioning the same as 4% benzoyl peroxide which is mainly used in acne treatment, bleaching teeth and hair and improving flour (Walker). Hence, why not get acne-free skin from natural antioxidant by drinking tea?A cup of tea with its full aroma has no calories unless sweeteners, cabbage or milk is added. This beverage is one of the healthiest low calorie drinks that provide the morning boost without worrying of gaining weight (Walker). It is true that coffee itself is also calorie free, but, most coffee drinkers have the habit of adding profit, creamer, sweeter or milk into their coffee compared to tea drinkers, using the research held in Taiwan, out of 1 507 subjects, only 4.8% have the habit of adding milk into their beverage tea (Yi-Ching Yang et al. 1537). It was also found out by the department of chemical biology of the State University of New Jersey that feeding oolong tea to diet-induced obese mice for 10 weeks prevented obesity and fatty liver (Yang, and Landau 2411). In addition, consumption of coffee (caffeine) in large quantity at once will also disrupt sugar level in blood that could affect fat burning to change into storing fat which will cause it weight gain and other negative effects towards out body (Wash).Since tea has so many benefits towards our health in regards of mentally nor physically, does tea have any positive implication towards illness and disease as well? The answer is YES. Tea contributes towards strengthening of our body immune defenses system. A study was held among tea drinkers and coffee drinkers to compare immune activity inside the body and it was found that immunity activity was up to five times higher in tea drinkers. Hence, practice the habit of drinking tea oddly when there are people around you not feeling too well as it could help to prevent germs or virus entering your body. As tea increase our immunity system, tea also aids fighting flu as participants who gargle black tea extract solution double a day was found to be more immune to flu virus (Walker). Instead of taking flu shots, why not just try the magical effect of tea?Besides, tea contains alkylamine antigens, which is an organic compound similar function as some bacteria and tumor cells to boost immunity. Evidence shown that tea even has effect on serious infections like sepsis, a severe bacterial infection in body tissue or blood stream. Likewise, tea also has effect in preventing food poisoning. Bacteria which lead to food poisoning are killed and toxins effects are minimize through a core group known as catechin, a bitter ingredient in green tea. With the combination of catechin and polysaccharides, it wa s also found to have an effect on lowering blood sugar, which will also, leads to diabetes prevention in the long run (Walker). It is true that coffee prevents display case 2 diabetes, it is a beverage that naturally contains sugar that are sugar friendly to our blood, if no additional substance (sugar, creamer, syrup, and etc.) are added, it is no doubt coffee is beneficial for controlling sugar level when consumed in small quantity.Based on the World Health Organization statistics, crab louse the leading cause of death with 13% worldwide, accounted for 7.9 million people in 2007. The bad news is that deaths caused by crab louse are projected with an uphill slope of up to 12 million deaths in 2030. The good news is, about 30% of the death caused by malignant neoplastic disease can be prevented (Cancer). Tea, offers a gateway toward the prevention of cancer. Many experiments and research are held to question the relationship between tea and prevention of cancer development. Stud ies held in Asia among 8552 Japanese adults for nine years, all subjects consume at least 10 cups of green daily are found to be having the effect of delaying cancer onset. The protective effect differs according with gender females by 8.7 years while male by three years when compared to subjects consume less than 3 cups a day. On the contrary, the delay effect of cancer was found to be less significant in Europe populations who generally consume black tea. Therefore it is important to understand the effects of different tea on our body as well as the effect of tea also differ on type of cancer (McKay, and Blumberg 6).For instance, no relation was found between tea and breast cancer in recent studies in United States, Netherlands and Italy. Conversely, 472 Japanese patient with point in time I and II breast cancer recorded an inverse relationship between green tea consumption period and recurrence rate after seven years. Green tea contains substances that able modifies sex hormone s that have major relationship with the risk of breast cancer reoccurrence (McKay, and Blumberg 6). Another study that was held in Iowa in regards of postmenopausal woman, it was shown that there are lower risk for urinary tract cancer and digestive tract cancer when black tea is consumed (Yang, Landau 2411). Besides that, in Netherlands, 120852 people were observed to have a weak, inverse association with consumption of black tea and stomach cancer. However, in Poland, a significant result of stomach cancer reduction is found in woman who drank tea daily. Although the effect does not occur to men, it is important to take note that growth of stomach cancer cells are inhibited through theaflavins, a substance contain in black tea (McKay, and Blumberg 6). The most important point is to acknowledge the different tea has its own unique chemical substances and effects towards human body in the same time understanding that there is no one tea fit all concept. The effects of tea vary accor dingly and it is high affected by lifestyle, eating habit, geographical, population and climate of an individual. A careful in dept study should be held in each nation to understand the chemical properties of tea in associate with lifestyle from that area itself to obtain its greatest potential benefits.In the nut shell, tea has a vast variety of benefits which includes taking care of our overall health care and mental health, protecting our internal organs, in the same time provides a better fitness and appearance. It also provides preventive measures for illness and disease. Hence, the next time anyone asks the question, Hello, would you like coffee or tea? Please reply, I would like TEA.

Applying Learning Theory in the Classroom

Applying acquire scheme in the ClassroomThe two main influential learnedness approaches be the behaviourist and the cognitive approach to education theories.This report critic in ally evaluates how learning theories be applied in the 14-19 Applied Science schoolroom. It examines how behaviourism, although an outdated theory, is clam up relevant in the modern castroom and is still used in developing the rewards and bureaus policies of the modern school. The impact of Piagets theory of cognitive development is evaluated and what possible difficulties might arise if they were applied exactly as Piaget dictated. The impact of adhering rigorously to Piaget maturational stages is criticised and how it might non be possible to adhere to set ages for progression in a school. Kolb, Vygotsky and Bruners constructivist approaches ar compared and shown that, when applied to a motivated kinfolk they work as they were originally intended and yet when applied to a more disaffected c rime syndicate, they arent as easily applied.The science classroom is an inherently dangerous place for students to work in (Frost, Turner, 2005, p.168). It is thereof necessary to instil a level of chequer in the students, to en accepted they minimize the dangers to themselves and others in the science classroom. It is necessary to condition (Child, 1997, pp.114-121)the students to behave when certain commands are issued. Behaviour theorists believed that the mind was a blank designate tabula rasa and that we could observe the rejoinder to stimulus that happened to an organism.Watson thought that a response is more likely to be connected to an environmental event (stimulus), if that stimulus-response is accepted regularly and with a short period of time between them (Child, 1997, p.115). Thorndike showed that the student is less likely to repeat negative stimulus-responses, which therefore means that there will be an augment in the positive stimulus-responses, until a correct response is repeated regularly. The stimulus-response is then reinforced whenever a positive result is produced (Child, 1997, pp.114-121). Skinner made several conclusions from his findings in Operant Conditioning (Child, 1997, pp.119-121). The meters assumen in the conditioning process must be small. Regular rewards are required at the early stages, alone once the conditioning is reflexive, rewards can be given less regularly. The rewards must come immediately or shortly after a positive response to batten down maximum effectiveness (feedback) (Child, 1997, pp.114-121)When discussing learning theories, its necessary to mention Pavlov due to the importance held in his work, even if it doesnt really directly affect the classroom. Pavlov pioneered the idea of undefiled conditioning with his famous experiment where he taught dogs to salivate, when a stimulus was applied, just before feed was given to them. The dogs eventually associated the ringing of the bell with the arrival o f food and salivated in anticipation of the food arriving (Child, 1997, pp.116-118). Pavlovs work does non directly link to teaching in the classroom, but it does apply, in that the students may be conditioned, to have a memory or a response to an event that happens within the classroom environment.During my lessons I tried to implement Watson, Thorndikes and Skinners theory of Operant Conditioning in the classroom to modify the behaviour of the class. The goal was to condition the students to reflexively incorporate blab outing when I moved to a certain area of the room using the theory that the students would repeat behaviour that received a positive response, and non repeat behaviour that received a negative response. I initially started to modify their behaviour by moving to the left of the front desk, holding my hand up and waiting for silence in the resembling spot, every time I required them to stop talking and listen. Initially it was necessary to ask for silence and re mind them that I was waiting to talk. In some(a) cases it was necessary to issue a sanction as per the science de touch offments rules of two warnings, then issuing a detention or keeping them in for part of their break if, if they didnt stop talking quickly enough. If the class stopped talking quickly, they would be rewarded with praise and if the lesson had gone soundly a class reward of a game or competition at the end, if it was appropriate. confirming feedback about performance is said to have a positive effect on future performance. Skinner called it reinforcement Thorndike called it The Law of Effect (Child, 1997, pp.115-121).McAllister et al. (1969) found that laudatory students not just now acted as a positive reinforcement of behaviour, but that the praise may have also worked by causing peer root pressure in the class to reduce inappropriate behaviour, because the negative behaviour reflected on the class as a whole (McAllister et al., 1969). Banduras Social Learning Theory would say that the students were not besides being conditioned to respond to the instructor, but also learning from their peers actions as to what was appropriate behaviour in the classroom (Atherton, 2009)By the end of the six weeks, the students were starting to respond to the successive approximation as described by Skinner (Child, 1997, p.121)positively and required reminding less that I was waiting to talk to them. It was evident that they much preferred the positive response of audition and being allowed to continue with whatever activity I had planned, to the negative response of not listening and receiving a sanction, before continuing with the activity I had planned. It could be said that they were suffering from Learned Helplessness (Atherton, 2009a)and had given up on being open-bodied to change the lesson by negative behaviour.Due to the need to provide a safe working environment in the classroom, I also worked on the class responding to the command STOP when they were carrying out laboratory work. The idea being that if STOP was said loudly to the whole class, that they automatically stop what they are doing, stop talking, piece to where the teacher is in the classroom and prepare for instructions that are alpha or safety related.In the early stages of conditioning, continuous reinforcement is needed to clear the Stimulus-Response link. (Child, 1997, p.119) The difficulties whilst trying to implement these theories was down to the amount of time involved in getting the students responding to the stimulus positively. The theory of being able to reward the students for responding positively and sanction them if they dont isnt appropriate in this situation, due to the serious nature of the command. If the students dont respond to it, it could ultimately end up with dire consequences in an emergency situation.The STOP command in particular was a difficult one to implement due to its infrequent use and the seriousness of its use that was implied to the students. If the command was overused, then it would lose its importance as something serious, but on the other hand if it wasnt practiced enough, the students would not respond appropriately when the command was issued.Another takeing situation that arose was from the attention-monopolising students, in that the more demanding students are prepared to put up with the minor inconvenience of the negative reinforcement if they get the attention time from the teacher. (McAllister et al., 1969)Seeing the students more frequently, I am sure that they could be conditioned quicker and show the innate response more readily than when I was only able to see them a few quantify a week.Behaviourism is evidently still relevant in the modern school (McQuillan, 1998), even if it is a somewhat outdated theory. Schools still have their sanctions policies found around Operant Conditioning and negative reinforcement with various levels of warnings and detentions in place for negativ e behaviour. This will remain effective for as long as policy makers allow these sanctions to be used. However, Skinners belief that we are all blank slates and what goes on inside our black boxes (Child, 1997, pp.119-121) when we learn is not important, is not relevant anymore.(Child 1997, pp.113-121) The students I have worked with and taught are all very unique in their personalities and show completely diverse ways of learning. To say that the learning processes they go through are only related to external stimulus and their response to that stimulus does not correlate with what has been observed in the classroom.Constructivist Theory has played a big part in the current educational environment in schools. Driver and Easley introduced constructivism as it is known now to the science community in 1978. (Solomon, 1994, p.3)They stated what was previously an un-come-at-able theory for science, accessible to the scientific educational community. The 14-19 classroom allows us to lo ok at how Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development is applied.Piaget observed that children go through quaternary distinct stages of cognitive maturation (Burton, 2001, pp.237-239)Stages of Cognitive Development (Atherton, 2009b)In the 14-19 classroom, according to Piagets theory, all the students have reached the Formal Operational stage of cognitive development and are capable of developing hypothetical situations and understand abstract concepts. Students should be able to apply their understanding of a situation and in theory be able to hypothesise what would happen in a given event. (Child, 1997, pp.191-207)From experience it is clear that not all students reach the Formal Operation stage at the same time and in fact the 11 year and up boundary is not as clear cut as that (Child, 1997, p.202-203). Within my Year 9 KS3 classes the majority of the students were at the Formal Operation stage of development and were capable of taking an abstract idea, such as levers and moment of a force and applying their companionship and understanding to derive the equation for calculating the moment of a force themselves. A complex surgical procedure that required the students to both assimilate and accommodate (Child, 1997, p.192) the naked information they were processing, a task which some found difficult, but all were able to eventually complete.With the Year 10 Applied Science class only a small portion of the class were at the point where they could process abstract information or make a hypothesis. Unlike the year social club class they had to be walked through every new concept step by step (Burton, 2001 p241). When they were given the task of hypothesising why something had happened, for example, where did the glowing light from heat calcium carbonate come from, they were unable to comprehend that the glowing was not related to the heating itself, but was actually an endothermic reaction. Even with a step by step explanation and clearly showing how the react ion was occurring, only a small portion of the class were able to assimilate and accommodate the schema. program line at middle and upper school level should begin from concrete considerations, general anatomying up, where applicable, to more abstract reasoning.(Child, 1997, p.203). Piagets theory of distinct maturational stages poses an interesting line of work for teachers and educational authorities. Should a student be moved into a more advanced class or year because of their age, or should they move up a level when they reach a stage in their learning ability? From experience with the two different classes, its quite apparent that these boundaries are not as clear as Piaget was led to believe. If a school was to teach students based on their stage of cognitive development how long could a student be held back for, before the age gap between their classmates was too much? Some students may after all never reach the Formal trading operations stage.Vygotskys theory says that th e childs higher mental processes are developed through the child working with other more knowledgeable persons than themselves.(Kozulin, 2003, p.19). He theorised that there was a partition off of Proximal Development (ZPD) that was the boundary between a childs Zone of Actual Performance and their potential level of understanding. The child can access their ZPD with the assistance of a more competent (Kozulin, 2003, p.20) person guiding them.(Chaiklin, 2003, p.43)Vygotskys Social Constructivist theory moved away from the didactic approach of teaching, which often led to students developing their own misconceptions and not being able to apply their scientific knowledge flexibly to new situations (Karpov, 2003, pp.67-73), to a more socially guided, active approach to learning, where students learnt from their teacher, peers and themselves.Kolbs four stage experiential learning cycle, is similar to both Vygotskys theory of a ZPD and Bruners theory of scaffolding the learning. Kolbs cycle builds on the learners concrete experience and goes through three distinct stages, wistful observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation, before returning to the now new concrete experience,.(Burton 2001, p.246)Similarly Bruner theorised that students built on their past experiences and that by applying a whorled curriculum, they would able to return to subject areas and build on them when they were more capable of dealing with the more complex areas of the curriculum. He saw the teacher as a guide, leading the student through the learning process by scaffolding their learning with appropriate material and as the student progressed less scaffolding is required.(Burton, 2001, p.241)When applying these theories it is important to be aware that students are all at different stages of learning. Some students have a more advanced understanding, which puts them in a completely different ZPD, concrete experience or stage in their scaffolded learning, to student s who have a lower level of understanding.With the KS3 class the students were all in the 5-7 range for target grades, therefore it was a lot easier to plan how they were deviation to progress in the lesson. A clear understanding of where they were in relation to their ZPD or their concrete knowledge was unattached and it was therefore a lot clearer, what was required to get them to a new Zone of Actual Performance or to the next stage in Kolbs cycle. They had all reached Piagets formal operation stage and were able to develop their knowledge independently.With the GCSE Applied Science class it wasnt as easy to apply the theories. The students target grades ranged from G-A., therefore ascertaining where their concrete knowledge lay or where they were in their Zone of Actual Performance was quite challenging. Such a large spread of stages meant it was often necessary to take a didactic approach to try and provide a basic foundation level of knowledge for the lower attaining student s, so that they could access the lesson. In some cases students were never able to access the lesson due to their complete disaffection from the subject or school in general. Most of the class had not reached the formal operation stage and some struggled in the concrete operational stage at times. A good example being when one of the students struggled with the concept of limestone having nothing to do with the fruit.Finding the middle ground, where the higher attaining students wouldnt be bored waiting for the lower attaining students to get on task or understand what to do was extremely challenging, and at some points, felt completely pointless trying to apply social constructivist theory to the lesson planning with such a wide range of grades in the class was one of the key problems when trying to apply these theories to the lessons.It was however (in retrospect) interesting being able to see two different sides to how social constructivist theory is applied in the classroom. Wit h the higher attaining, less disaffected KS3 students, it was a lot easier to see how the theories could be efficaciously applied to their lessons, how they benefitted from the teacher acting as a guide and their interest in the lesson meant that they were able to access it and move forward in their learning. It was always clear at which point in the learning process each students was at and what was required to move them onto the next level in the learning cycle.With the more disaffected, lower attaining students, in the GCSE Applied Science class it was so much harder to effectively apply these theories in the lesson. I tried on several occasions to teach lessons where I acted as the guide through their learning process the students (in theory) would build on their experiential learning and move forward in their knowledge and understanding of the subject. In fact what happened was that the students panicked at the thought of not having the teacher dictating to them each step of t he lesson and what they must do. The concrete experience for some was so limited that they were unable to apply it to the lesson and very quickly, if they were not given step by step instructions as to what to do next, they would be off task and cause other students to go off task as well. Therefore it seemed that the behaviourist theory, in particular Skinner, was being followed, as the positive reward was completing the step.Within the GCSE class there were several students who were classed as having Special educational inescapably (SEN), this ranged from Social Emotional Behavioural Difficulties (SEBD) to Dyslexia and Dyspraxia. Since the revised national curriculum was brought in to effect in September 2000, these students have had the right to a place in the classroom alongside students without any SEN.(Peacey, 2001) Students with SEN are to be included in the lessons and not treated as separate entities to the non-SEN students. Effectively inclusion was brought in to ensure t hat all students had access to exactly the same educational opportunities as other students.Too see inclusion in practice is very different to course session about it on paper though. Within the class the students suffering from Dyslexia and Dyspraxia, worked fairly diligently, and although at times they found it a struggle organising themselves for course work or in taking notes, they caused little disruption to the other students. They had the extra help required and were catered for in examinations and course work they were effectively being included.The students who were listed as having SEBD on the other hand, would have appeared to an outsider to relish in the opportunity to be able to disrupt learning they spent more time being remove from the class than learning itself. Yet if their backgrounds were to be looked into, it would be apparent that it was an achievement being in school that day and it was quite understandable that science was not their top priority, when they m ight not have even had breakfast that morning.Their inclusion in the lesson was negatively impacting on other students who were not on the SEN register and did not need to be specially included into the class to due to disruptive behaviour. This leads to the question When should a student not be included in a classroom?, which at this point in my limited experience, I am unable to answer.In conclusion, behaviourism is still always going to be declamatory in the modern school as a way of leading students towards becoming more disciplined and focused in their studies, via the rewards and sanctions policies on which they are based.When applying the cognitive learning theories, it is necessary to be aware that not all of the students are going to be starting at the same level, some may well be significantly below the level of other students and are only grouped together because of their age. Therefore the materials to be taught are not necessarily going to be accessible to all of the c lass all of the time unless they are developed to be inclusive for all the students, which is the current aim of the government (Peacey, 2001). 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